【03.10.2015】History and development of representation in games.

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    The cathode ray tube amusement device is the first one which is known as an interactive electronic game to use cathode ray tube named CRT for short. This game is constructed by Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann from analog electronics in 1947. And it is a game never published, but it was also patented in 1948.
Entertainment is a device that records and controls the quality of an electronic signal. The intensity of the electronic signal generated by the entertainment device is controlled by a knob affecting the beam path of the CRT. The device uses purely analog electronic devices, not using any memory devices, digital computers, or programming.
    The CRT beam appears a bit of a trace of a parabolic path through the screen when the switch is activated. The spot represents a projectile's trajectory, which is dispersed on its tracks, representing the shell, like a time fuze.
    On the screen there are several coverage targets, such as the object, the player will control the knob of the direct spot of the motion trajectory with the shell of the delay, in order to hit a target superimposed with the shell burst deadline.


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    OXO was a computer game developed by Alexander S. Douglas in 1952 for the EDSAC computer, which simulates a game of Noughts and crosses, also sometimes called Tic-tac-toe. Douglas game programming as a part of his doctoral thesis on the University of Cambridge. OXO is the first game of the game known as the video monitor.
    In this game, the player will use the input and output of the rotary telephone controller, the computer is shown on the 35 x 16 dot matrix of the cathode ray tube. Every game is a match for an artificial intelligence.


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    Tennis For Two was an electronic game developed in 1958 on a Donner Model 30 analog computer, which simulates a game of tennis or ping pong on an oscilloscope. Created by American physicist William Higinbotham for visitors at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, it is important in the history of video games as one of the first electronic games to use a graphical display.
    The game uses an oscilloscope as the graphical display to display the path of a simulated ball on a tennis court. The designed circuit displayed the path of the ball and reversed its path when it hit the ground. The circuit also sensed if the ball hit the net and simulated velocity with drag.


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    Spacewar (stylized "Spacewar!")  is one of the earliest digital computer video games. This is a two person play game, each player is in the control of a starship and tried to destroy each other. In the center of the screen of a star , players need to manipulate two ships, and avoid fall into it. In the case of emergency, the player can enter into hyperspace, anywhere on the screen returns, but only in the risk of explosion if it is exploited.
    Steve "Slug" Russell, Martin "Shag" Graetz, and Wayne Wiitanen of the fictitious "Hingham Institute" think about an idea of the game in 1961, in the implementation of a PDP-1 DEC at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Alan Kotok got a sine and cosine routines from December, Russell began encoding and created his first version in February, 1962. It took about 200 hours to create the initial version.
     Additional features of this game were developed by Dan Edwards, Peter Samson, and Graetz.


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    Bushnell and Dabney founded the company of Atari in 1972,   and then published their first game Pong. Pong is the first widely successful arcade video game. The game is loosely similar with table tennis ball. In this game, a ball is "service" from the center of the court, to the court when the ball moves, each player must control their oars and suddenly hit the ball back to their opponents. Bushnell in the electronic ping-pong game included in the "Odyssey" based on the idea, and later led to sue Atari. With surprising by the quality of work, Bushnell and Dabney decided to create a game company. Atari sold more than 19000 Pong machines, spawning many imitators.

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    Another important game is a Gun fight trapshooting on foot. It is designed by Tomohiro Nishikado and published by Taito in 1975. It include game characters, game violence , and person to person combat ,and we  may control  it by using dual-stick controls. The original Japanese version is based on discrete logic, which Dave Nutting made for Midway 's US by using Intel 8080. This is the first video game which is made by using a microprocessor . This later inspired the creators Nishikado use microprocessors for his most popular game published in 1978, It is Space Invaders.

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    Defender is the most important champion in golden age of video games, selling more than 55000 and become one of the company's best-selling game, its income is higher than once arcade game. In that time, criticism concentrated in the video of the game but it is a game full of praise. It is often classified as Jarvis' best contribution to the video game industry, it is also one of the most difficult game. Defender has been publishede in many platforms. It stimulated the development of other games.

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    Shigeru Miyamoto created Mario, trying to produce the most popular video game in Nintendo. The former game like the sheriff did not reach the same success, like Pac-Man.
He even want to create some characters like Popeye, and Livy Bluto's for a video games. At the time, however, he was unable to obtain permission to use the character (1982), so he ended the Jumpman (later known as Mario), King Kong, and Pauline. In the early stage of the Donkey, Mario is a jump game, and the aim is to escape a maze. He make Mario jump, and said that"If you had a barrel rolling towards you,  what would you do?"

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    Dragon's lair is a video game pubished by cinematronics in 1983. In the game, the protagonist Dirk the  Daring is a knight tried to rescue Princess Daphne from the evil dragon in foul wizard Mordroc's castle. It features animation by former Disney animator don Bluth. for most of the time the other game representative as a wizard, including a series of pixel displays in succession. Due to hardware with the limitations of the times, which greatly limits the artists in that they are able to use the technique; resolution, frame rate and frame number severely limited. Dragon's lair overcome these limitations into the DVD storage potential, but in the actual game applied other restrictions. The success of the game sparked numerous ports, sequels and related games. In the 21st century, it is packaged in a number of format (such as for the iPhone) as a "retro" or the history of the game. There are only three games (with Pong and Pac-Man) storage in Washington at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

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    Super Mario Bros. is a video game developed by the Nintendo R & D4 and published as a pseudo sequel to a game named Mario Bros in 1983. it was originally made in Japan in 1985 September 13 for pc computer. At later of this year of 1985 it was published in North America and Europe in May 15 in Nintendo Entertainment system. Later in 1987 it also published in Australia. It is the first one of the Super Mario series of games. In Super Mario Bros., the player controls Mario with one or two players in the game, players control Mario's brother Luigi for him through the mushroom kingdom and rescue Princess Toadstool from antagonist Bowser.

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    Metal Gear Solid is a series of stealth action adventure game, Kojima Hideo created and released by KONAMI. The first game named metal gear is released in 1987 on MSX2. game players needs to be a special forces operation named Solid Snake who was sent to find a super weapon "Metal Gear" which has ability of controlling a bipedal walking tank to launch nuclear weapons. Several sequels have been requested from KONAMI to produce a new Metal Gear game. A sequel to expand the game's plot to add new characters and against Snake, although there are a few exploration of the origin and prequel Metal Gear regular feature. Each part is inspired that the Hollywood movie character's Set and works often cite them.
    Other noteworthy features are the cinematic cut scenes, complex plots, humorous alternative to explore political and philosophical themes, and Hollywood movies add reference. As of March 2015, 41.2 million copies of the game franchises have been sold to all over the world, from personal instalment of critical and commercial, and obtained several awards. The franchise has also been adapted into other media, such as cartoon, fiction and drama CDs. Snake also appears in Super Smash Brawl as a guest character.


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    Wasteland is a science fiction role-playing video game developed by Interplay Productions and published by Electronic Arts for the Apple II, Commodore 64 and DOS in 1988. The game is set in the future, generations born after the end of the world, the United States was destroyed in a nuclear war. This is republished in Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux 2013 by steam and 2014 through Desura.
    In the course of the game, players find a greater threat to destroy the rest of the game in the Chinese region of the human world of evidence. This is a pre war AI computer, operating from a surviving military facilities base Cochise, where is the construction of military killing machine and mechanical equipment to improve human and its attack area; its goal is to replace the existing "defective" population with genetically pure specimens, the players to restore the necessary technology and weapons to fight the computer in its foundation, and to stop it on the basis of the nuclear reactor.


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    The first person shooting (FPS) is a video game type that focuses on the gun and missile weapon through the first person view of the battle; this is the player's action, through the protagonist's eyes. First person shooter and other shooting games have common features, and this kind of shooting game and then into the title of action game. From the founding of the genre, the development of advanced 3D or 3D graphics hardware presents a challenge, and a multiplayer game has been integrated.

    The first person shooter game has been traced back to the maze of war, development began in 1973, and 1974 Spasim. in the early, more fun game like MIDI maze 1987, genre into a more wanton violence form and Wolfenstein 3D 1992, has been credited with creating the appropriate basic style prototype in subsequent games. One such the Title, and the progenitor of the mainstream schools more widely accepted and popular is the fate, is perhaps one of the most influential games, in this category; over the years, long-term end cloning is used to specify the school end??? The effect of.1998's half-life -- along with its 2004 sequel life life 2 - enhanced narrative and puzzle elements.1999, half life MOD counter was released, and doom is perhaps the most influential first person shooter game. 007 gold (1997) is a milepost meaning first person shooter The home console, and the halo series to improve the business and the key demands of the console for the first person shooting game platform. In the twenty-first century, the first person shooter is the most commercial value of the video game type, in the gaming industry has more market share.


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    Real-time strategy (RTS) is a subgenre of strategy video games where the game does not progress incrementally in turns.
    The term "Real-time strategy" appeared in BYTE magazine in 1982, but usually Brett Sperry is credited with coining the term to market Dune II.
In a RTS, in other military exercises, the participants in the control of the location and motor units and building security map and / or destroy the opponent's assets. In a typical RTS, it may be a game in the process to create more units and buildings. More specifically, in the RTS type of feature collection, the typical game based on the game in the technology development and unit of indirect control.
    A player must be successful in the RTS task is very demanding, and the complexity of the user interface has evolved to respond to the challenge. Some features are borrowed from the desktop environment, for example, click and drag technology, select all units in a given area.
Although there are some types of game sharing concepts and games similar to RTS templates, generally recognized genres are not included in RTS games. For example, urban construction games, construction and management simulations, and games of real-time tactical varieties are generally not considered "real-time strategy".


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     Metal Gear Solid: V phantom pain is an open world action adventure game in a secret Island, director, design, CO production and co written by Kojima Hideo and published by KONAMI for Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360 and Xbox One. which was released in September 1, 2015.  As a sequel to Metal Gear Solid: ground zero, a continuation of the narrative, and a prequel to the original metal gear game. It was first used in Metal Gear Solid tactical espionage action slogan: peace Walker. In episode 1984, the game follows the mercenary chief punishment "poison" snake he ventured into Afghanistan and Angola border area destroyed his army to the people of Zaire, almost killing him ground zero the climax of the revenge.
    Metal Gear Solid: V phantom pain is the separation of compound two previously announced Island production projects. First is the metal gear solid V: ground zero, originally in the metal gear twenty-fifth anniversary Gala on August 30, 2012 shows Fawkes engine technology demonstration shows. The two is the phantom pain, December 7, 2012 in the Spike TV video Game Awards Trailer, a fictional developer Moby original title Dick studio, and Metal Gear Solid V mark almost covering the.2013 in March, the nature of these two projects are revealed at the game developers conference, announced on the island ground zero as a prelude to a phantom pain. The two games were released, metal gear solid five combination, formed with ghosts the most painful title.
    The phantom pain is widely acclaimed by the release, and its gameplay is characterized by a variety of mechanical and interrelated systems that allow players to be close to the goal of a high degree of freedom.
    The game was obtained with a perfect review score from some publications, including the law, Gamespot and IGN, which is described as the largest game in the metal gear series.